Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory disease that compromises peri-implant tissue health and human wellbeing. Host-mediated cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) play a role in tissue destruction, highlighting their relevance in oral medicine and public health. To evaluate the effect of mechanical debridement on clinical parameters and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) TWEAK levels in peri-implantitis patients. In this prospective interventional study, 54 systemically healthy patients with peri-implantitis underwent mechanical debridement. Peri-implant probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and PICF TWEAK levels were assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year. Repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was used for analysis. Significant reductions in PPD, CAL, and PICF TWEAK levels were observed at 6 months, and 1 year compared to baseline (p < 0.001), indicating progressive clinical and biochemical improvement. Mechanical debridement improved peri-implant health and significantly reduced PICF TWEAK levels. TWEAK may serve as a potential biomarker for monitoring inflammatory disease activity and therapeutic response, supporting strategies aimed at promoting oral health and overall wellbeing.
