Understanding the configuration of the root canal systems in detail improves the success rates of root canal treatment and long-term prognosis. A cross-sectional was conducted to evaluate the root canal variations in the mandibular premolar teeth. 151 mandibular premolar teeth were analyzed using cone-beam computed tomographic scans. The pulp canal configuration of first mandibular premolar and second mandibular premolar were analyzed using axial, coronal, and sagittal sections. The results revealed that 89.4 % of the examined teeth were found to have more than one canal at the apical one-third and 10.6% had one root canal. Vertucci’s type V root canal morphology was the most frequent morphological type in both the first and second premolars (50.3%). The next prevalent types were type I (10.6%) and type III (9.3%). The prevalence of other types that were not defined in Vertucci’s classification was 11.3%. It was concluded that the most common root canal configurations in the present study were Type V followed by Type I. The study highlights the importance of variations in root canal morphology of mandibular premolars. There is a need for the reclassification of root canal systems using advanced three-dimensional cone beam computed tomographic imaging.
