Assessment of biochemical markers in oral fluid provides a non-invasive approach for monitoring bone metabolism and osseointegration processes following dental implantation. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of enzymatic biomarkers involved in bone remodelling, particularly alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP-5b), in patients after dental implantation. The study included patients who underwent dental implantation, with enzymatic activity assessed in oral fluid samples and compared with a control group of individuals without implantation. Alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activities were analyzed at different postoperative time points to assess the progression of osseointegration-related metabolic processes. The analysis demonstrated that alkaline phosphatase activity did not show statistically significant changes over the observation period, indicating relatively stable or weak osteoblastic activity. In contrast, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase levels increased markedly in the early postoperative period, reflecting enhanced osteoclastic activity and inflammatory response. A gradual decrease in TRAP-5b activity was observed at later stages, corresponding to attenuation of resorptive processes and progression toward bone tissue remodeling and maturation. The findings indicate that tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase is a sensitive marker of early inflammatory and resorptive processes following dental implantation. In contrast, alkaline phosphatase reflects longer-term stabilization of bone metabolism. Combined assessment of these enzymatic biomarkers may be useful for monitoring osseointegration dynamics and evaluating postoperative bone remodelling.
