The Aral Sea region has experienced severe environmental pollution, significantly affecting public health due to airborne pesticides, heavy metals, and other contaminants. Children in this region are particularly vulnerable, exhibiting higher rates of infections, including periodontal disease. This study investigates the extent of environmental pollution and the prevalence of periodontopathogenic microbial infections among children living near the Aral Sea. Environmental degradation, particularly from heavy metals, pesticides, and airborne pollutants, has had a marked impact on population health. A correlational study was conducted involving 770 children from four distinct geographical areas around the Aral Sea. Participants were selected based on proximity to pollution sources, with a focus on Aralsk City, which is notably impacted by heavy metals and air contaminants. The study measured the prevalence of gingivitis, periodontitis, and mixed periodontal diseases and analyzed their correlation with exposure to heavy metals, PM10, and SO₂ concentrations. According to the findings, children who lived nearer sources of pollution had far greater rates of periodontal disease. In particular, 36.5 percent had mixed periodontal disorders, 27.8 percent had periodontitis, and 22.9 percent had gingivitis.. A strong positive correlation was found between increased concentrations of heavy metals and air pollutants (PM10 and SO₂) and the prevalence of periodontopathogenic infections (r = 0.887). These findings underscore the significant association between environmental contamination and microbial infections in children. Reducing pollution and implementing preventive strategies are essential for enhancing children's periodontal health and promoting sustainable development in the Aral Sea region.
