This systematic review was done to determine the effects of orthognathic surgery on upper airway dimensions and clinical outcomes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were searched in a systematic manner to find the relevant studies. The selection of the study was conducted according to PRISMA, and specific criteria of inclusion and exclusion were used. The review involved fifteen studies whose content was published in 2019 and 2026 after the screening and full-text assessment. The chosen articles were systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical studies, and observational studies assessing the outcomes of the orthognathic surgical procedures on airway dimensions and the severity of sleep apnea. The results suggest that orthognathic surgery, especially maxillomandibular advancement surgery, leads to a significant increase in upper airway dimensions, and airway patency is enhanced. Some of the studies indicated a tremendous decrease in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and an increase in oxygen saturation and sleep quality after surgery. All in all, the current evidence indicates that orthognathic surgery can be a good treatment modality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and craniofacial anomalies. Additional large-scale clinical trials are needed to establish long-term results and to maximize the effectiveness of treatment.
