In recent years, the integration of laser technology into endodontic practice has garnered significant attention due to its potential to enhance multiple facets of root canal therapy. Lasers, encompassing systems such as Nd:YAG, diode, Er:YAG, Er,Cr:YSGG, and CO₂, offer a range of therapeutic benefits, including more efficient disinfection of the root canal system, improved removal of debris and smear layer, modulation of periapical inflammation, and potential enhancement of sealing during obturation. Clinical evidence, derived from human trials, controlled studies, and comprehensive reviews, indicates that laser-assisted procedures can markedly reduce microbial colonization within the canal, contributing to a lower risk of post-treatment infections and improving the predictability of treatment outcomes. Additionally, lasers may attenuate postoperative pain and inflammation, facilitating patient comfort and recovery, and may play a supportive role in vital pulp therapy by promoting tissue healing. Despite these advantages, several limitations currently impede the routine clinical adoption of lasers in endodontics. Variability in laser parameters—including wavelength, power settings, and application protocols—creates inconsistencies in clinical outcomes, while the lack of standardized guidelines makes protocol replication challenging. Financial considerations, including the high cost of laser units, and safety concerns, particularly the risk of thermal damage to periapical tissues, further restrict widespread use. Consequently, while the literature underscores the therapeutic promise of laser-assisted endodontics, it also highlights the pressing need for rigorous, high-quality randomized controlled trials, standardized clinical protocols, and comprehensive cost–benefit analyses to establish evidence-based recommendations. In summary, lasers represent a technologically advanced adjunct in endodontic therapy with the potential to improve disinfection, treatment efficiency, and patient comfort, but their integration into standard practice remains contingent on further validation and optimization.
