Dental implants primarily utilize commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and Ti-6Al-4V alloys, both boasting clinical success rates of up to 99% over a 10-year period. Regrettably, the surface of dental implants undergoes changes over time, and any alterations could trigger the onset of mucositis and peri-implantitis processes. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of fluoride and pH on titanium corrosion. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. It included in vitro studies published in English that assessed the effects of various pH levels and concentrations of fluoride solutions on the corrosion of titanium disks. After conducting the initial search, our investigation yielded a comprehensive pool of data, amounting to a total of 358 publications. 6 studies met our inclusion criteria and were included. Titanium elution, surface roughness, discoloration, and change in gloss and open circuit potential (OCP) were analyzed. Studies showed that release of Ti ions, surface roughness and discoloration and gloss change increased as pH got lower and fluoride concentration got higher. OCP values decreased as the fluoride concentration increased and the environment got acidic. Hence, the interplay between pH and fluoride significantly influences titanium corrosion, with lower pH levels requiring less fluoride to initiate corrosion. This corrosion mechanism thus implicates periimplantitis as a potential consequence.
