One of the major problems with orthodontic therapy is its prolonged duration, which forces patients to select alternate therapy modalities with subpar outcomes and negative side effects. Additionally, it may worsen any unfavorable effects brought on by orthodontic treatment. MOP, i.e., micro osteotomic perforations, have been utilized to activate the bone's inherent mechanisms, which quicken tooth movement. Orthodontic forces cause the periodontal ligament (PDL) to be under more strain, which causes the intended resorption and deposition of the tooth's surrounding bone. This results in orthodontic tooth movement. To increase the activity of osteoblasts and their bone resorption, the PDL stress triggers the release of inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. This review's objective is to evaluate the most recent research on micro-osteoperforations and determine whether they can speed up orthodontic tooth movement in a clinical environment. Studies on MOPs have shown both conclusive and inconclusive results. This review provides a succinct summary of the change observed with MOPs and indicates if they were clinically relevant. Several studies have supported the idea that MOPs can double the rate of orthodontic tooth movement.
External root resorption occurs more frequently and for longer periods when teeth are moving through atrophic ridges. However, there was no appreciable increase in bone volume. Therefore, since more adult patients choose orthodontic treatment, extensive research is needed to understand how MOPs affect tooth movement across atrophic ridges. The approaches taken to apply MOP across studies differ significantly. To draw an objective conclusion, it is important to distinguish between tipping and the bodily movement of the teeth. In order to make a wise choice, it is necessary to thoroughly assess anchorage loss following MOPS during en-masse retraction of teeth. To ascertain long-term stability, it is necessary to monitor the effects of MOPs and maintain these findings after therapy.
