Teeth loss in the maxillary arch leads to progressive bone atrophy, and enlargement of maxillary sinus cavities can significantly increase the difficulty of the replacement of natural teeth with dental implants. It was decided to clarify and evaluate alloplastic grafts (calcium phosphate ceramics – beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP)) after maxillary sinus lifts to see which material retains bone volume better. Interventions included a two-stage sinus floor elevation using β-TCP or BCP as the bone substitute. Comparison groups included a two-stage sinus floor elevation using a different autograft, allograft, xenograft, alloplastic material, or combinations of these substances. In total 8 studies fulfilled all inclusion criteria and underwent systematic review: 6 randomized clinical trials, and 2 cohort studies. Five studies included in this systematic review histologically described the formation of the new bone. Sinuses augmented with β-TCP showed a mean volume of new bone ranging from 26.92% ± 7.26% to 47.6% ± 9.9% and an average residual volume of graft ranged from 30.39% ± 10.29% to 32.25% ± 8.48% in reviewed articles. Sites augmented with BCP (comprising β-TCP and hydroxyapatite) showed an average bone volume ranging from 23.0% ± 8.80% to 43.4% ± 6.1% and the remaining volume of evaluated grafting material ranged from 16.4 ± 11.4% to 32.9% ± 15.6%. Biphasic calcium phosphate and β-tricalcium phosphate could have favourable results in sinus floor elevation procedures. Alloplast can ensure sufficient new bone formation and a stable volume of residual graft particles compared to other graft materials.
